Studies in Science of Science | ISSN: 1003-2053
Studies in Science of Science is a premier international journal dedicated to advancing scientific research and innovation. Our publication features cutting-edge studies in science, technology policy, and technology management, offering valuable theoretical insights, research papers, survey reports, and case studies. With a focus on promoting innovation, fostering academic exchanges, and driving technology development, our journal serves as a platform for sharing knowledge and advancing scientific discourse. In addition to our main sections covering scientific theory, technology development strategy, and policy, we also feature columns on technology management, book reviews, academic trends, and more. Join us in exploring the forefront of scientific inquiry and shaping the future of technology.
DETERMINANTS OF KNOWLEDGE AND ADHERENCE TO IRON AND FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN: AN ANALYTICAL CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Background: Iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS) is one of the key strategies to counter the anaemia of pregnancy but non-adherence to supplementation is a major challenge in India. Understanding the determinants of knowledge, attitudes and adherence among pregnant women is important to strengthening maternal health interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in the government health centers in Nellore District of Andhra Pradesh recruiting 150 pregnant women. A structured and validated questionnaire was completed to gather socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about anemia and about IFAs, adherence patterns (amount of pills and 7-day recall) and psychosocial determinants. Statistical analyses comprised descriptive statistics and chi-square and multivariate logistic regression to determine independent predictive factors of adherence. Results: Only 40% of women showed good adherence of IFAS. Although 76.7% of the respondents knew about IFAS, only 48% of them knew the indicating sign, 40% knew the correct dosage and 36.7% knew the recommended duration. Common barriers were forgetfulness (56.7%), side effects (46.7%) and lack of counseling (40%). Adherence was reported to be significantly higher in women who were highly educated (secondary or more years of education) compared to those with less education (p < 0.01), those receiving structured pharmacist-led counseling (p < 0.01) and those with good supportive family members (p < 0.05). Logistic regression showed that maternal education (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.3-4.8) and structured counseling (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.5-6.2) were a significant independent predictor of good adherence. Conclusion: Adherence to IFAS is below the target level and is significantly governed by maternal education, family allotment, the standard of education and counselling concerning health. Pharmacist-led interventions with the inclusion of family could help with compliance and contribute to achieving improved maternal health outcomes.
Iron and folic acid supplementation, maternal anemia, determinants of adherence, pharmacist's counseling, ante-natal care, India
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BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS OF MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS AND THEIR MULTIFUNCTIONAL APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE, NUTRITION AND COSMECEUTICALS- A REVIEW
Medicinal mushrooms have been recognized for centuries in traditional medicine systems, particularly in Asia, for their remarkable health-promoting properties. In recent years, growing scientific evidence has validated many of these claims, revealing that mushrooms contain a diverse array of bioactive compounds with therapeutic effects, including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and Cholesterol-lowering activity. This review highlights the major bioactive components of medicinal mushrooms and discusses their pharmacological activities and potential applications in modern medicine. Mushrooms contain a very high abundance of protein, minerals, vitamins, and fibres, and are also rich in essential amino acids. They are also used to treat various diseases, such as cancer, hepatitis, digestive disorders, and skin conditions. This review takes a broad and integrative look at the nutritional qualities, bioactive compounds, and therapeutic importance of widely consumed edible and medicinal mushrooms, such as Agaricus bisporus, Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Ganoderma lucidum, Volvariella volvacea, Flammulina velutipes, Tremella fuciformis, and Calocybe indica. It highlights growing evidence of their potential roles in the prevention and management of chronic conditions, including cancer, diabetes, inflammatory disorders, infectious diseases, and cardiovascular complications. The review also explores the increasing use of mushroom-derived compounds in the cosmetics and nutraceutical industries. Taken together, these findings position medicinal mushrooms as valuable natural sources for developing functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmeceuticals, while underscoring the need for more in-depth clinical and molecular research to better understand and validate their health benefits.
Medicinal mushrooms, Bioactive compounds, Anticancer activity, Antioxidant activity, Anti-inflammatory activity, Antidiabetic activity, antimicrobial activity, Functional foods, Nutraceuticals
MENSTRUAL HEALTH AND MENTAL WELL-BEING: A BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL FRAMEWORK
Menstrual health is becoming more widely acknowledged as a complex problem that affects social, psychological, and physical well-being. This study examines the relationships between menstruation experiences, mental health, and larger sociocultural contexts. It is based on Engel's biopsychosocial model. Hormonal changes, dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and diseases like endometriosis are examples of biological factors that affect mood, stress reactions, and cognitive performance. Menstrual experiences are further shaped by psychological factors such as emotional anguish, stigma, and body image issues. Menstrual taboos, a lack of resources for hygiene, and a lack of education are examples of social and cultural circumstances that make problems worse, especially in low- and middle-income environments. When taken as a whole, these elements highlight how crucial it is to comprehend menstruation as a human rights and public health issue. Inadequate management of menstruation health can lead to worry, despair, and a lower quality of life, according to evidence from recent international research. It also emphasizes the reciprocal relationship between menstruation health and mental health, whereby severe menstrual difficulties increase susceptibility to psychological diseases and poor psychological health exacerbates menstrual symptoms. Integrative treatments that integrate medical interventions with psychosocial support, education, and legislative reforms are necessary, as the biopsychosocial perspective makes clear. By situating menstruation within a biopsychosocial framework, this study contributes to reframing menstrual health as a critical determinant of overall well-being rather than a narrowly defined physiological process. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research, school- and community-based education, and multi-sectoral interventions to promote menstrual equity and improve mental health outcomes
FEW-SHOT TRANSFER LEARNING FOR BRAIN TUMOR CLASSIFICATION
Analysis of MRI images to detect the type of tumor in the human brain is a field of intensive research where AI researchers strive to provide fast and robust tumor detection solutions, to support medical professionals. Considering the limited resources at hand, the aim is to maximize efficiency so as to create a deployable system that can be trained using a limited number of scanned images. Transfer learning can be used to classify MRI images by reusing the knowledge from another similar domain. However, it does not perform well when new task is different than the old one. Few-shot learning reduces the dependency on task similarity. In this work, we have used Siamese networks to perform Few-Shot Learning with Transfer Learning for Brain Tumor Classification, empowering the model to generalize well with a small number of labeled samples. The model after implementation gave us an accuracy of 85.05% with a precision value of 92.06% and a recall value of 87.87%.
Siamese Networks, Few Shot Learning, Transfer Learning, Brain Tumor Detection, MRI
EFFECTS OF VARIATION THEORY-ASSISTED GUIDED INQUIRY-BASED INSTRUCTION ON STUDENTS’ CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING AND TASK VALUE IN SOLID GEOMETRY
Background: Solid geometry is a challenging topic for Ethiopian secondary students, often taught through traditional, teacher-centered methods that hinder conceptual understanding and motivation. Guided Inquiry-Based Instruction (GIBI) has shown promise, but its integration with Variation Theory (VGIBI) remains under-researched in this context. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design was used with 102 tenth-grade students in Debre Tabor City, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Participants were assigned to three groups: EG1 (VGIBI), EG2 (GIBI alone), and CG (traditional teaching methods). Data were collected using a conceptual understanding test and a task value questionnaire. MANOVA and ANCOVA were applied to analyze differences in task value dimensions and conceptual understanding, controlling for pre-test scores. Results: VGIBI significantly improved intrinsic value (p < .001) and attainment value (p = .001) compared to GIBI and traditional teaching methods, with no significant effect on utility value. Students in the VGIBI group also achieved significantly higher conceptual understanding post-test scores (p < .001), with the instructional method explaining 23.6% of the variance. Effect sizes were large for conceptual understanding improvement in the VGIBI group (d = 1.26). The findings suggest that VGIBI enhances both cognitive and motivational outcomes by making geometric concepts more discernible and engaging through structured variation. The lack of change in utility value indicates that perceived relevance may require longer-term or contextually explicit interventions. Conclusion: VGIBI is an effective pedagogical approach for improving students’ conceptual understanding and task value in solid geometry. It is recommended for adoption in Ethiopian mathematics classrooms and similar educational settings to support meaningful learning and motivation.
Conceptual understanding; Guided inquiry-based instruction; Solid geometry; Task value; Variation theory
PSYCHOLOGICAL FEELINGS AND PAIN PERCEPTION: EXPLORING EMOTIONAL, COGNITIVE, AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
Pain is a complex, multidimensional experience shaped not only by sensory input but also by psychological and neurocognitive processes. Emotional states, cognitive appraisal, and neuropsychological functioning interact dynamically to influence pain perception, intensity, and persistence. The purpose of this study was to examine how psychological feelings specifically emotional distress, cognitive evaluation, and neuropsychological regulation modulate pain perception among adults experiencing acute and chronic pain conditions. A cross-sectional observational design was employed with 240 adult participants recruited from outpatient clinical settings. Pain intensity, emotional variables (anxiety and depression), cognitive variables (pain catastrophizing and coping strategies), and neuropsychological functioning (attention and executive control) were assessed using standardized instruments. Statistical analyses included correlation, multiple regression, and mediation models. Results demonstrated significant positive associations between emotional distress and pain intensity. Pain catastrophizing emerged as a strong cognitive predictor of heightened pain perception, while adaptive coping strategies were associated with lower pain severity. Neuropsychological impairments, particularly reduced attentional control, significantly mediated the relationship between emotional distress and pain perception. These findings support the biopsychosocial model of pain and highlight the central role of psychological feelings in shaping pain experiences. The study concludes that effective pain management must extend beyond biomedical approaches to incorporate emotional regulation, cognitive restructuring, and neuropsychological rehabilitation. Integrative, interdisciplinary pain interventions are strongly recommended to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life.
Pain perception, Psychological feelings, Emotion and pain, Cognitive appraisal, Neuropsychology, Chronic pain
HUMAN AND ETHICAL PROBLEM IN THE CONTEXT OF COP 29.PHILOSOPHICAL - ANTHROPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
In the article "HUMAN AND ETHICAL PROBLEM IN THE CONTEXT OF COP 29. PHILOSOPHICAL-ANTHROPOLOGY ANALYSIS", the most global problem faced by the world's states in modern times - the regressive impact of CLIMATE CHANGE on the philosophy of life - is analyzed in the experience of the Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP), which was organized in a number of powerful countries of the world with the support of the United Nations and was highly appreciated by objective and logical actors of philosophical-anthropological science. While analyzing the ways to get rid of the problem of global climate change, the author of the article tries to substantiate the importance of the COP 29 events to be held in the Republic of Azerbaijan on November 11-24, 2024, which will renew the history of COP, with facts and sources, and achieves this. The author of the article emphasized and substantiated the great importance of the tasks, human and ethical problems for the world philosophy of life, arising from the "Millennium Report" and the "15 Global Challenges" documents that constitute its main part, which was implemented with the support of the United Nations, as well as the "Human Problem III Report" of the Club of Rome ("The Limits to Growth") etc.
Global Ethics, anthropology, philosophy of life, COP, COP 29
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GREEN ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AND GDP PER CAPITA IN VIETNAM FROM THE PERIOD OF 1990 – 2024
This research primarily focuses on analyzing the relationship between green economy development and GDP per capita in Vietnam from 1990 - 2024, while also examining the emergence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Data on CO2 emissions and incomes were obtained from the World Bank and IFS; a nonlinear quadratic regression model was estimated using Eviews. The results of the findings indicate that LGDPP initiates a negative impact while LGDPP^2 establishes a positive impact on CO2 emission, both with high statistical significance. This confirms the presence of an inverted U-shaped curve: emission increases as the income rises in the initial stage, yet the rate of increase later gradually decelerates at a higher income rate. However, Vietnam has yet to reach the turning point of the EKC, suggesting a continuous involvement of the country’s economic growth in the increasing rate of carbon emissions. By providing additional long-term empirical evidence for Vietnam, this research proposes the promotion of renewable energy, technological innovations, and green consumption. Furthermore, emphasizes the carbon policy framework optimization to support the transition toward a sustainable growth model.
green economy, environmental pollution, GDP per capita, Vietnam
ALZHEIMER HASTALIGI VE PARKINSON, ALS GIBI BENZER NORODEJENERATIF HASTALIKLARIN, TERMODINAMIK VE FIZIK BILIMLERI DAHILINDE INCELENMESI, ALZHEIMER HASTALIGININ TERMODINAMIKSEL ANALIZININ ORTAYA KONMASI ILE NEY VE DIGER ENSTRUMANLARIN URETTIGI MUZIK SESI FREKANSLARI ILE TEDAVININ NASIL ILISKILENDIRILEBILECEGI HUSUSUNUN INCELENMESI
Bu çalışma, Alzheimer hastalığı başta olmak üzere Parkinson ve Amyotrofik Lateral Skleroz (ALS) gibi nörodejeneratif hastalıkları, klasik biyomedikal yaklaşımların ötesine geçerek termodinamik, fizik ve sistem teorisi çerçevesinde ele almaktadır. Nörodejeneratif süreçler; enerji verimliliğinin azalması, entropi üretiminin artması ve nöronal ağlar arasındaki faz uyumunun bozulması şeklinde yorumlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda Alzheimer hastalığı, denge-dışı açık bir biyolojik sistemde hızlanmış düzen kaybı süreci olarak modellenmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca müzik terapisi, özellikle ney ve benzeri nefes temelli enstrümanların ürettiği akustik uyaranlar üzerinden incelenmiştir. Müzik, sisteme yüksek enerji yüklemeden düzenli bir zaman–frekans yapısı sunan düşük enerjili fakat yüksek bilgi yoğunluklu bir dış düzen girdisi olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu yaklaşım, disipatif yapılar kuramı, serbest enerji prensibi ve osilatör senkronizasyon modelleri kullanılarak matematiksel olarak temellendirilmiştir. Ney’in akustik spektral özellikleri, yumuşak harmonik yapısı ve solunum ritmiyle doğrudan ilişkisi nedeniyle otonom sinir sistemi ve beyin ağları üzerinde düzenleyici bir etki oluşturabileceği öne sürülmüştür. Literatürde rapor edilen EEG, HRV ve klinik gözlemler, geliştirilen kuramsal modelle tutarlı biçimde değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma, müzik terapisini nedensel bir tedavi yöntemi olarak değil; nörodejeneratif hastalıklarda entropi artış hızını yavaşlatan, faz uyumunu destekleyen ve sistem kararlılığını artıran tamamlayıcı bir fiziksel etkileşim olarak konumlandırmaktadır. Sunulan model, disiplinlerarası bir çerçeve sunarak müzik–nöroloji ilişkisini bilimsel ve matematiksel bir temele oturtmayı amaçlamaktadır. Müziğin insan sağlığı üzerindeki olumlu etkileri çok eski zamanlardan beri bilinmektedir. Şifahanelerde çeşitli enstrümanların seslerini ve su sesini kullanarak hastalar tedavi edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Günümüzde de dünyanın birçok yerinde ve ülkemizde, yoğun bakım ünitelerinde, yatan hasta servislerinde ve poliklinik hasta tedavi süreçlerinde gerek tedavi edici gerekse önleyici nitelikte yardımcı – destekleyici bir yöntem olarak kabul görmekte ve uygulanmakta olup, daha yaygın kullanımı teşvik edilerek etkinliği sağlanmalıdır. Yoğun bakım üniteleri ile yatan hasta servislerinde doktorlar ve sağlık çalışanları tarafından canlı olarak icra edilen müziğin bu tür hastalarda daha kuvvetli etki meydana getirdiğini söylemek mümkün olmakla beraber diğer yöntemler ile dinletilen müzikler de etkin biçimde yarar göstermektedir. Poliklinik takipli hasta tedavi süreçleri ile üzerinde önleyici etki göstermesi beklenen vakalarda canlı icra edilen veya ses kayıtlarından dinletilen müzik benzer etkilere sahip olabilmektedir. Bu noktada fayda sağlaması bakımdan tını özellikleri, geniş aralıklı ve zengin içerikli yapısı gereği Türk Musikisi öncelikli olarak değerlendirilmeli ve ele alınmalıdır. [1-86]
Alzheimer Hastalığı; Parkinson; ALS; Nörodejeneratif Hastalıklar; Enerji Transferi, Termodinamik; Denge-Dışı Sistemler; Entropi; Müzik Terapisi; Ney; Akustik Fizik; Osilatör Senkronizasyonu; Biyofizik, ELMAS Termodinamik Teorisi, Tıp Tekniği, Tıp Mühendisliği, NöroMühendislik, NöroBilim
NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL REVIEW OF DISEASE TYPES, MECHANISMS AND TREATMENT STRATEGIES
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) represent a diverse and progressively debilitating group of disorders characterized by the selective degeneration of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the ND spectrum, tracing the historical evolution of their identification and classification. Key pathological mechanisms—including protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation—are explored for their roles in neuronal damage. The review examines the clinical manifestations of systemic syndromes such as motor, cognitive, and autonomic dysfunction, which mark disease progression. A detailed analysis of the pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms underlying major NDs—including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, and spinocerebellar ataxias—is provided. Current experimental models (in vivo and in vitro) and advancements in diagnostic technologies, including imaging, fluid biomarkers, and genetic screening, are discussed. The paper also reviews existing therapeutic options and highlights future approaches, including gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and targeted molecular treatments. Challenges in early diagnosis, disease heterogeneity, and the personalized impact of treatment are considered. Finally, the review emphasizes the urgent need for interdisciplinary research to develop effective, long-term therapeutic strategies for managing neurodegenerative disorders.
Neurodegenerative diseases, Molecular mechanisms, Diagnostic technologies, Therapeutic strategies, Protein misfolding
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF RASPBERRY KETONE MICROCAPSULES FOR ENHANCED ANTI-OBESITY ACTIVITY
Obesity is a global health challenge associated with metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders. Raspberry ketone (RK), a natural phenolic compound, exhibits promising anti-obesity effects but suffers from poor bioavailability. This study aimed to formulate RK-loaded microcapsules using ionotropic gelation with sodium alginate and chitosan to enhance stability, sustained release, and mucoadhesion. A Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize polymer concentrations and stirring speed. The optimized formulation (F4) demonstrated spherical morphology (SEM), high entrapment efficiency (87.11%), and sustained drug release over 5 hours. FTIR and DSC confirmed drug-polymer compatibility. Ex vivo mucoadhesion studies showed strong intestinal retention. These findings suggest that RK microcapsules may be a viable strategy for enhancing therapeutic efficacy in obesity management.
Raspberry ketone, microencapsulation, ionotropic gelation, sodium alginate, chitosan, obesity, bioavailability, mucoadhesion
ELAEOCARPUS FLORIBUNDUS SP. FROM WEST BENGAL: IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROFILING
Indian olive, or Elaeocarpus floribundus Blume, is a medicinal as well as a traditional plant whose parts have long been used to cure a variety of ailments, including rheumatism, ulcers, and inflammatory gums. It is also used as a mouthwash. The leaves were extracted using soxhlet assembly by using petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol serially. The several investigations were done on the fruits of this species E. floribundus as Indian olive but very few studies were done on the leaves and their extracts. Antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract was assessed by DPPH methods and ethanolic extract showed stronger antioxidant potential in DPPH test (IC50 33.28%). The antimicrobial activity was examined against the strains like Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. An antimicrobial activity tested against E. coli strain shows the no zone of inhibition at all concentrations and against C. albicans shows high activity with a diameter inhibition of 16.125 mm and at the lowest concentration 200 μg/mL shows no inhibition zone.
Elaeocarpus floribundus, Antioxidant Activity, Antibacterial Activity, Antifungal Activity
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT AS A STRATEGIC TOOL FOR EMPLOYEE RETENTION: EVIDENCE FROM HPCL
In today’s competitive business environment, training and development (T&D) has emerged as a critical strategic tool for enhancing employee skills, motivation, and overall organizational effectiveness. One of the major challenges faced by organizations, particularly in the energy sector, is employee retention. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL), a leading public sector undertaking in India’s oil and gas industry, places strong emphasis on continuous training as part of its human resource development initiatives. This article explores the role of T&D as a strategic instrument for retaining employees within HPCL. Drawing upon human capital theory and motivation-based frameworks, the study highlights how training enhances employee engagement, career growth, and job satisfaction, which in turn reduce turnover intentions. By examining HPCL’s training practices—ranging from technical skill enhancement to leadership development—the article provides insights into how investment in employee capability-building contributes to higher organizational commitment. Further, the discussion underscores the strategic importance of aligning T&D programs with long-term retention objectives, particularly in knowledge-intensive industries such as oil and gas where the cost of attrition is significant. The findings suggest that well-designed training interventions foster loyalty, improve morale, and create a learning culture that supports both organizational sustainability and employee career progression. The article concludes with recommendations for strengthening HPCL’s training approach as a means of ensuring long-term talent retention and competitive advantage.
EXPLORING CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF TENECTEPLASE INDUCED THROMBOLYSIS IN ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS AT GOVERNMENT GENERAL HOSPITAL, KURNOOL
The main aim & objective of our study was to determine the safety and effectiveness of Tenecteplase (TNK) among patients with a diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing thrombolytic therapy. The study took place at the Government General Hospital Kurnool, and total 141 subjects were included who were aged 20-80 years and had an ECG displaying a diagnosis of STEMI less than 12 hours after the emergence of symptoms. Our research revealed the male prevalence and the average age of patients was 52.6 years. AWMI was the most common subtype with 55.3 percent. The ST-segment elevation had significantly reduced in response to thrombolytic therapy with Tenecteplase, which implied that myocardial reperfusion was successful. The Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) rating decreased to 0 which shows the complete absence of the ischemic chest pain in the majority of patients. There were few adverse events with tenecteplase and this shows that the drug has good safety profile. Our research findings endorse the application of Tenecteplase as a primary thrombolytic agent in pharmacoinvasive management of STEMI especially in resource-restrained models. Its proven effectiveness, good safety profile and convenience of administration make it an effective and viable alternative to consider in an environment where access to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is constrained by time.
Tenecteplase, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), Anterior wall myocardial infarction (AWMI), Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Naranjo’s Scale
FACULTY RETENTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION: BIBLIOMETRIC INSIGHTS FOR BUILDING GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE UNIVERSITIES (2015–2025)
This paper presents a systematic bibliometric review of 740 publications published between 2000 and 2025, retrieved from Scopus on 20 September 2025. The analysis employed Bibliometrix (R/Biblioshiny) and VOSviewer to examine publication trajectories, keyword co-occurrence, three-fields plots, and patterns of international collaboration (Aria & Cuccurullo, 2017; Donthu et al., 2021). Results indicate a steady expansion of the field, with a compound annual growth rate of 7.12 percent from 2015 to 2024. Core constructs such as organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intention remain influential. At the same time, themes such as employee well-being, burnout, and engagement are increasingly central, reflecting a shift in scholarly attention. Yet the relative absence of concepts like green HRM, ESG, and sustainability in higher education reveals a clear gap in the literature. Building on these insights, the study proposes an integrative framework in which Green HRM influences perceived organizational support and psychological contracts, which in turn foster affective commitment and ultimately strengthen faculty retention. Our analysis suggests that empirical validation of this model should rely on longitudinal designs, structural equation modeling (SEM/PLS), and complementary mixed-method approaches (Xu et al., 2022). From the author’s perspective, explicitly linking Green HRM to faculty-related outcomes is both timely and actionable. Such an agenda would not only advance theoretical debates but also provide practical guidance for decision-makers in resource-constrained private universities.
Faculty retention; Organizational commitment; Green HRM; Sustainable development; Bibliometric analysis; Higher education
EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF SODIUM ATPASE ON SPASTIC PARALYSIS IN NORMOTENSIVE RATS INDUCED EXPERIMENTALLY
Rats with normal blood pressure weighing 150–180g±2.5g (n=8) were given Suxa (1.08 mg/kg) intramuscularly (i.m.) to induce experimental paralysis. To determine at what doses these medications would cause spastic paralysis that could be sustained without death, a range of dosages from 0.36 to 1.08 mg/kg were utilized. In a similar manner, the effect of dosage response concentrations was investigated, and the time it took to detect paralysis, pain, and death was noted. In certain tests, the drugs' efficacy and response time (RT) were evaluated using doses of Suxa (1.08 mg/kg). The effects of Calotropin (CLT), Abrin (ABN) were then investigated in different trials. The results of these studies showed that the paralysis brought on by Calotropin (CLT) and Abrin (ABN) had a reversal effect at the concentrations used in this inquiry. The study sought to determine how these drugs interacted with long-term experimental paralysis in rodents.
Depolarization of the neuromuscular system; paralysis; Calotropin; Abrin
COMPREHENSIVE LC-MS-DRIVEN IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOACTIVE ACETOGENINS FROM ANNONA MURICATA AND THEIR MODULATION OF ONCOGENIC SIGNALING IN TRIPLE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER: IN-VITRO ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE AND PRO-APOPTOTIC ASSESSMENT
Annona muricata is a tropical plant producing bioactive annonaceous acetogenins with potent cytotoxic properties. In this study, acetogenin-rich fractions from A. muricata leaves were characterized using UHPLC–QToF-MS, revealing multiple structurally diverse major and minor constituents. Their effects were evaluated in normal and transformed mammalian cell lines, assessing cell viability, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxidative stress. The acetogenin fraction caused a dose- and time-dependent reduction in cell viability, with transformed cells showing higher sensitivity. Flow cytometry demonstrated G₂/M phase–specific cell cycle arrest, accompanied by significant apoptosis, while fluorescence assays confirmed mitochondrial depolarization and increased reactive oxygen species, implicating intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Comparative analysis across mammalian models revealed conserved mitochondrial responses, alongside tissue-specific differences in susceptibility. These findings indicate that A. muricata acetogenins exert mitochondria-mediated cytotoxicity with conserved apoptotic mechanisms, emphasizing their relevance in comparative zoology and evolutionary toxicology, and highlighting the utility of integrating LC-MS phytochemical profiling with mammalian cell models for natural product–based biomedical research.
IN SILICO EVALUATION OF SINAPIC ACID FROM CAYRATIA AURICULATA AND GIBBERELLIC ACID FROM DYSOXYLUM MALABARICUM AS POTENTIAL HEPATOPROTECTIVE AGENTS AGAINST HEPATOTOXICITY
Hepatotoxicity, which is the toxic damage to the liver, is a major health problem throughout the world, being attributed to drugs, alcohol as well as environmental toxins. This paper examines hepatoprotective properties of two compounds found in plants, sinapic acid in Cayratia auriculata and gibberellic acid in Dysoxylum malabaricum. Both of those compounds have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, whereas sinapic acid has been demonstrated as capable of decreasing oxidative stress and liver fibrosis, whereas gibberellic acid is known to stimulate liver regeneration. This paper also constructs in silico molecular docking to assess the binding affinity of the compounds to carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2), a key enzyme of fatty acid metabolism. The findings show that sinapic acid has a very strong affinity with CPT2, which suggests it can be used as a drug. The results would give grounds into the use of plant-based hepatoprotective drugs against hepatotoxicity.
Hepatotoxicity, Sinapic acid, Gibberellic acid, Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2), Molecular docking
IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND LEARNING BEHAVIOUR ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
The primary objective of any educational institution is to provide high-quality education that instills values and enhances students’ academic achievement. Social networking applications are essential tools for connecting with people globally. Today, students are using social media apps for entertainment, sharing thoughts and knowledge. These platforms have both positive and negative effects as per their usage. The students' data were collected through a research methodology comprising social media usage, psychological behavior, study strategy, and academic performance which is the dependent variable and others are dependent. This paper presented the comparative analysis of performance of the designed models such as linear regression, decision tree, support vector regression, and random forest for academic performance prediction. The models were evaluated using metrics such as Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), R-squared, and Adjusted R-squared. Social media app usage is increasing; therefore, we analyzed its impact on students' academic performance and found that the students with poor academic performance spent more time on social media apps. This study identified several factors that influence students' academic achievement, and among them, the learning behavior has a strong positive correlation with performance, whereas psychological factors have a negative impact. Therefor there is need to develop conducing environment for study where students are not allowed to use their mobile phone and provide assistance in developing good study habits to excel academic performance..
Social Media, Machine Learning, Students' Academic Performance, Psychological Factor, Study Habits, Regression Model
IĞDIR ÜNİVERSİTESİ MEDİKO SOSYAL BİNASI YEMEKHANESİ İÇİN MUTFAK DAVLUMBAZ TASARIM VE ÜRETİM PROJESİ 3D MODELLEME, MÜHENDİSLİK HESAPLAMALARI VE TEKNİK ÇİZİMLERİ
Bu çalışmada, Iğdır Üniversitesi Mediko Sosyal Binası yemekhanesine yerleştirilecek olan Mutfak Davlumbazı için hazırlanan tasarım, imalat proje hesaplamaları ve çizimleri açıklanmaktadır. Projenin mühendislik hesaplamaları ve genel proje dizaynı Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Mak. Yük. Müh. Emin Taner ELMAS tarafından yapılmış olup, proje teknik çizimleri ise Iğdır Üniversitesi Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu, Motorlu Araçlar ve Ulaştırma Teknolojileri Bölümü, Otomotiv Teknolojisi Programında öğrenim gören birinci ve ikinci sınıf öğrencileri tarafından, Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Emin Taner ELMAS'ın gözetimi, yönetimi, kontrolü ve onayı altında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Otomotiv Teknolojisi öğrencilerimizin kendi akademik gelişimleri açısından böyle bir proje üzerinde çalışmalarının önemli olmasının yanı sıra, bu projenin öğrencilerimiz için çok faydalı bir uygulama projesi olduğu ve bilimsel ve teknik başarılarına büyük katkı sağlayacağı da çok açıktır. Makalenin genel bir özeti olarak; Mediko Sosyal Binası'nda bulunan yemekhanedeki mevcut davlumbaz ve aspiratör sistemi yemek kokularını ve dumanı kontrol etmede yetersiz kaldığından, yeni bir davlumbaz ve aspiratör sistemi yapılması gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır. Mühendislik hesaplamaları manuel olarak yapılmış ve 3 boyutlu modelleme ve teknik çizimler için özel bir çizim yazılımı ve tasarım programı kullanılmıştır. Davlumbaz iki parça halinde imal edilecek şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Bu parçalar şantiyede monte edilecektir. Davlumbazın gövde malzemesi olarak AISI 304 Kalite Paslanmaz Çelik Sac kullanılacaktır. Sac malzemesinin et kalınlığı 1 mm'dir. Kullanılacak toplam Paslanmaz Çelik Sac malzemesi 30 m2 yüzey alanına ve 240 kg ağırlığa sahiptir. Tavan Bağlantı Detayı: Dübellerle tavana sabitlenecektir. 40.000 m3/saat emiş kapasiteli aksiyal aspiratör kullanılacaktır. Elektrik motoru, hassas emiş debisi ayarına olanak sağlamak için frekans kontrollü olacaktır. Mevcut mutfak davlumbazının ve yemekhane için üretilecek olanın genel fotoğrafları verilmiştir. Ayrıca, proje ekibi tarafından mutfak davlumbazı ve aspiratör sistemi üretimi için hazırlanan gerçek boyutlu 3B Model Tasarım çizimleri ve yine proje ekibi tarafından mutfak davlumbazı ve aspiratör sistemi üretimi için hazırlanan teknik tasarım çizimleri de makalede belirtilen şekillerde verilmiştir. [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14]
Mutfak Davlumbazı, Proje, Fan, Aspiratör, Havalandırma, Teknik Çizim, 3D Modelleme, Mühendislik Hesaplaması
EFFECT OF METRONIDAZOLE ADMINISTRATION ON THE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES IN MALE RATS
Objective: However, there is growing evidence that MTZ can have a negative impact on men’s reproductive and endocrine systems. This study aims to evaluate how the treatment of MTZ (22mg/kg per day, oral for30-60days) affects the reproductive hormones in adult male rats. Methods: Thirty Wistar rats (n = 10) were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, the 30-day MTZ treatment group and the 60-day MTZ treatment group. ELISA was used to assess the levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the blood Results: The level of FSH (39.6614.62 35.698.91), LH (3.732.21 8.828.60), and testosterone (2.740.85 A, 2.631.14) was significantly lower than the control (p0.05). These results indicate that MTZ therapy can also reduce hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal dysfunction of Leydig and Sertoli cell function. Conclusion: According to the results, long-term use of MTZ could be harmful to reproduction.
Metronidazole, testosterone, LH, FSH, male fertility, rats
IMAGE RECOGNITION FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a major global cause of vision loss that can be prevented, thus, timely and accurate detection is essential for treatment success. This project presents a deep-learning based system for the automated detection and classification of diabetic retinopathy from retinal fundus images. The system deploys a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), employing transfer learning with models like InceptionV3, ResNet50, or VGG19 to extract defining features. The trained model is integrated into a user-friendly interface built with Python frameworks like Streamlit or Flask, enabling users to upload retinal images and receive instant predictions along with severity grading. The resulting interactive platform is designed to offer ophthalmologists and healthcare staff a scalable, accessible, and a cost-effective screening aid. The proposed system not only demonstrates the potential of deep-learning in medical image analysis but also contributes to reducing the global burden of vision impairment through early and accurate DR detection.
Diabetic Retinopathy, Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Medical Image Analysis, ResNet50, VGG19, InceptionV3, Retinal Fundus Images, Streamlit, Flask, Computer-Aided Diagnosis, Healthcare Automation
SACCHAROPOLYSPORA THERMOPHILA-MEDIATED INDUCTION OF RESISTANCE AND GROWTH PROMOTION IN PLANT UNDER FUSARIUM WILT STRESS
This study investigates the role of plant growth-promoting Actinomycetes (PGPA), specifically Saccharopolyspora thermophila, in combating Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium solani in cucumber plants. Fusarium wilt is a significant soil-borne disease that adversely affects crop yield and quality, posing a substantial threat to global agriculture. Traditional chemical treatments are often ineffective and can have detrimental environmental effects, making the exploration of biological control methods essential. In this study, the efficacy of Saccharopolyspora thermophila was evaluated in promoting plant growth and inducing systemic resistance in cucumber plants against Fusarium solani. The research involved isolating and characterizing Saccharopolyspora thermophila from rhizospheric soil, assessing its antagonistic activity against Fusarium solani through in vitro assays, and conducting greenhouse trials to determine its impact on plant growth parameters and disease suppression. To further understand the mechanisms of disease suppression and growth promotion, various biochemical assays were conducted, including the measurement of phenylalanine ammonia- lyase (PAL) activity, peroxidase activity, and phenolic content in cucumber plants treated with Saccharopolyspora thermophila. The assays demonstrated that plants inoculated with Saccharopolyspora thermophila showed a significant increase in PAL and peroxidase activities compared to controls, indicating an enhanced defense response. Moreover, phenolic content was also higher in treated plants, suggesting that Saccharopolyspora thermophila triggers the production of phenolic compounds, which play a vital role in plant defense mechanisms. These biochemical changes were correlated with a reduction in disease severity and an increase in plant growth parameters, highlighting the dual role of Saccharopolyspora thermophila in both promoting plant health and defending against pathogens. The results of this study suggest that Saccharopolyspora thermophila is a promising biocontrol agent that not only promotes plant growth but also provides sustainable disease management against Fusarium wilt. The application of PGPA like Saccharopolyspora thermophila could reduce the reliance on chemical pesticides, leading to more sustainable agricultural practices. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on biological control methods and highlights the potential of actinomycetes in integrated disease management strategies.
Plant growth-promoting actinomycetes (PGPA), Saccharopolyspora thermophila, Fusarium wilt, Fusarium solani, Induced systemic resistance, Biological control
APPLICATION OF THE VARIATIONAL ITERATION METHOD TO A FRACTIONAL-ORDER SEIR MEASLES EPIDEMIC MODEL
This paper presents a robust numerical approach for solving a sys- tem of nonlinear fractional differential equations representing an SEIR measles epidemic model. The model incorporates Caputo fractional derivatives to capture the memory effects and complex dynamics of disease transmission more accurately than classical integer-order models. We employ the Variational Iteration Method (VIM), a powerful analytical technique that does not require perturbation or linearization, to obtain approximate analytical solutions. The stability analysis of the disease-free equilibrium is conducted. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed VIM scheme are demonstrated through detailed numerical simulations at different fractional orders. A comparative analysis with the Laplace Adomian Decomposition Method (LADM) and the classical Differential Transform Method (DTM) highlights the advantages of VIM in terms of convergence and reliability. The results, presented through extensive tables and graphs, show that VIM pro- vides a highly effective tool for analyzing the dynamics of fractional- order epidemiological systems.
Measles model; Fractional derivatives; Caputo operator; Stability analysis; Variational Iteration Method (VIM); Numerical simulation
IMPACT OF SIMPLIFIED KUNDALINI YOGA (SKY) WITH AND WITHOUT VARMA THERAPY ON PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE (PEFR) AND LIFE SATISFACTION (LISAT-11) AMONG MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN UNDERGOING TUBERCULOSIS REHABILITATION
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of Simplified Kundalini Yoga (SKY) with and without Varma therapy on pulmonary function and life satisfaction among middle-aged women undergoing pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) rehabilitation. Sixty women aged 35–50 years, adhering to the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) protocol, were randomly allocated into three groups: Experimental Group I receiving SKY with Varma therapy (n = 20), Experimental Group II receiving SKY alone (n = 20), and a control group receiving standard care without yoga or Varma intervention (n = 20). Both experimental groups participated in supervised interventions for 60 minutes daily, six days a week and varma alternative three days per week, throughout a duration of 12 weeks. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) was evaluated with a standardized peak flow meter, and life satisfaction was quantified using the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire-11 (LiSat-11) at baseline and end the intervention. Post-test analysis indicated a statistically significant enhancement in PEFR for Experimental Group I (baseline: 309.6 ± 42.1 L/min; post-test: 352.8 ± 38.7 L/min; Δ = +43.2 L/min, p < 0.001) and Experimental Group II (Δ = +28.5 L/min, p = 0.004), in contrast to negligible change in the control group (Δ = +6.1 L/min, p > 0.05). Likewise, LiSat-11 scores exhibited substantial increases in Experimental Group I (Δ = +7.1, p < 0.001) and Experimental Group II (Δ = +4.9, p = 0.003), while no significant enhancement was noted in the control group. The results demonstrate that SKY, especially when integrated with Varma therapy, is an efficacious and safe adjunctive treatment for enhancing pulmonary function and life satisfaction in women undergoing tuberculosis rehabilitation, in conjunction with obligatory NTEP-compliant medical care.
Simplified Kundalini Yoga (SKY), TB Rehabilitative women, Varma Therapy, Life Satisfaction Questionnaire-11 (LiSat-11), Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR)
DIGITAL BANKING IN RURAL INDIA: ASSESSING USAGE AND IDENTIFYING ADOPTION BARRIERS
The study "Digital Banking in Rural India: Assessing Usage and Identifying Adoption Barriers" explores the extent of digital banking usage and the key factors hindering its adoption among rural customers in Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh. Adopting a quantitative and descriptive research design, the study collected primary data from 120 rural bank customers using a structured questionnaire. The analysis reveals that while rural customers actively use digital banking services for basic functions such as mobile recharges and bill payments, the overall adoption remains limited due to infrastructural, operational, and trust related challenges. Key deterrents include poor internet connectivity, fear of financial risk, lack of digital confidence, and discomfort with digital interfaces. Moreover, the findings indicate that mere awareness of digital banking is insufficient to drive usage without hands-on support and digital literacy efforts. The study emphasizes the need for inclusive digital education, reliable infrastructure, and simplified user experiences to encourage sustained adoption of digital financial services in rural areas. These insights offer valuable implications for banks, policymakers, and fintech providers working to bridge the rural digital divide and promote financial inclusion.
Digital Banking, Rural India, Adoption Barriers, Customer Usage, Financial Inclusion, Krishna, Digital Literacy, Mobile Banking
DYNAMICS OF GLOBAL INDICES IN RESPONSE TO COVID-19
Study Area: Economic activities all over the globe have slowed down suddenly because of rapid spread of COVID-19 and stock markets are no exception to this. This study focuses on how the stock markets have responded to the variations in economic parameters like industrial production and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) with the increase in COVID-19 cases in the top six affected countries across the globe. Sample: To examine this, the top six economies in the globe that were seriously affected because of the pandemic and the major indices in the respective countries have been measured. A sample of 18 months' fluctuations data (intraday/closing prices data) of these indices is considered along with severe COVID-19 cases, industrial production, and the GDP of the respective countries during the period. Period: To have an impact full study the total data has been divided into three segments ‘P’ nearly six months before the ‘V’ shape fluctuation in indices from 01-July-2019 to 31-Dec-2019 (before the pandemic crash), ‘Q’ represents a period of ‘V’ shape from 01-Jan-2020 to 30-June-2020 and ‘R’ represents after ‘V’ shape from 01-June-2020 to 31-Dec-2020 (period where majority indices shown a trend of recovery) considered for the study. Tools and Analysis: Apart from the Mean and volatility of all the variables considered for the study, the article also provides evidence and insights about the Cross-correlations to know the relation and direction of the returns of six indices in three periods, and Multiple regression applied in the study in order to understand the cause-and-effect relation between the independent variables such as number of Covid-19 cases, industrial production and the GDP on stock market returns in P, Q and R periods.
COVID-19, Pandemic, Global indices, Stock market return, Volatility, Correlations, Regression
THERMODYNAMICS AND ENERGY TRANSFER IN MEDICINE APPLICATIONS WITH ARCHAEOMUSICOLOGY AND MUSIC THERAPY
Music is defined in the Turkish Language Association dictionary as "the art of expressing certain feelings and thoughts with harmonious sounds within a certain set of rules." In other words, music is an artistic form in which sound and silence are expressed within a specific time interval. Music is a universal phenomenon; this was true for civilizations that lived in the past as well as in the present. For these people, living kilometers apart and speaking different languages, music was extremely important. We can explain this situation with the following example; Mousiki means the language spoken by the fairies in Greek. In Islamic philosophy, it was used for years as the divine language, the language of angels. [9] Music is considered one of the most indispensable elements of human life, existing alongside humankind. Early humans, unable to settle down, were primarily hunter-gatherers. We can say that vocal communication, beginning with the imitation of sounds in nature, later progressed, supporting a development from the human voice to primitive musical instruments. [1-7] In ancient times, it could be said that music served as an expression of individual emotions in all ancient societies, was used in religious ceremonies, or was considered an important form of entertainment. However, when considering the details of music's other functions in our daily lives, it becomes clear that, in addition to common characteristics, each society possessed a musical culture that developed in parallel with its own unique sociological, psychological, cultural, economic, and other characteristics. [1-7] Music archaeology is an interdisciplinary field of study that combines musicology and archaeology. Because it involves the study of music from various cultures, it is often considered a subfield of ethnomusicology. According to music archaeologist Adje Both, "In its broadest sense, music archaeology is the study of the phenomenon of musical behaviors and sounds in the past." Music archaeologists often combine methods from musicology and archaeology. A theoretical and methodological foundation has not yet been established, and it remains one of the main areas of interest for the international research community. [1-7] Research objectives in this field include the examination of artifacts related to the reconstruction of ancient music, such as sound-producing devices, representations of musical scenes, and textual evidence. Archaeological analysis and documentation of such artifacts can improve the understanding of an instrument's use, including dating, identification, and analysis of its origins and cultural context, and sometimes enable the reconstruction of functional copies. Textual study may include the examination of early musical notations and literary sources. This field has also expanded to include neurophysiological, biological, and psychological research examining the preconditions for music production in humans. [1-7] Musicology is traditionally divided into three branches: music history, systematic musicology, and ethnomusicology. Historical musicologists study the history of musical traditions, the origins of works, and the biographies of composers. Ethnomusicologists draw on anthropology (especially field research) to understand how and why people make music. Systematic musicology includes music theory, aesthetics, pedagogy, music acoustics, the science and technology of musical instruments, and the musical influences of physiology, psychology, sociology, philosophy, and cognition. Cognitive musicology is the set of phenomena surrounding the cognitive modeling of music. When musicologists conduct research using computers, their research often falls within the field of computational musicology. Music therapy is a specific form of applied musicology, sometimes considered more closely related to health fields, and sometimes as a part of musicology. [1-7] In Turkish Music, the interval between two tones can be divid­ed into nine intervals and coma tones can be created, “Turkish Music Makams” and coma tones are integrated to form a rich musical branch with productive content and emotional “Har­mony Structure”. The relevant “Turkish Music Usûls” also contribute to this purpose as a component. In addition, “Turk­ish Folk Music” also increases the musical harmonic richness in question due to the variety of “Local Attitude” it contains and its maqam structure. Music “Rhythms” – “Tempo” emerg­es as an important element of this accumulation. With all these features, this wide range of musical accumulation formed from an artistic perspective can also create many positive effects on human health and can also be beneficial for treatment process­es. The application area that reveals these positive effects of music on human health can be called “Medical Music”, Mu­sic Medicine”, “Music Therapy”, “Treatment with Music” and “Musicotherapy”. [18] The living nature is extremely compatible with music and con­tains psychological and physiological harmony. There is also a great numerical similarity between the human pulse rate and the beats of musical rhythms, and this is evidence supporting the psychological and physiological harmony in question. [18] In general, it is possible to say that playing an instrument will contribute to personality development and intelligence devel­opment. In addition, the universal nature of music and its uni­fying and integrative structure also provide tangible positive contributions to human and living life. [18] The activation and release of hormones triggered by music also contribute to the treatment and help recovery. When the Mu­sicotherapy mentioned in this article is evaluated scientifically on the basis of Neuroengineering and Neuroscience; it is based on the principle that the vibration frequencies created by musi­cal tones spread in the form of energy waves and strengthen the signal transmission in neurons to the extent that they can also be described as the firing of neurons, and that hormone tivities occur more effectively, thus positively affecting organs, including the brain. This interaction that occurs with the event in question is also compatible with ELMAS’s Thermodynamic Theory (“ELMAS’s Theory of Thermodynamics”: A Scientific Approach for the 5th Law of Thermodynamics -A Theoretical Application Example for Medical Thermodynamics), which is a scientific approach for the 5th Law of Thermodynamics, and it leads to the conclusion that energy and mass are vectorial quantities, and therefore energy and mass transfers will also occur vectorially. Thanks to the vectorial energy and matter transfers expressed here, drug-cell interaction can occur and ultimately the effectiveness process of drug treatment can be formed. Therefore, the highlighted “Thermodynamic The­ory of ELMAS” forms the basis of Medical Thermodynamics. [18], [21] Musical modes have their own sequence. A connection can also be established between cell DNA and RNA sequence structures and modal sequences. It is also possible that the vibration fre­quencies created by musical tones match with DNA and RNA sequence frequencies and a resonance situation occurs. The resonance phenomenon expressed here can also support the treatment process of viral diseases. In addition, see­ing doctors and healthcare professionals performing live music with their instruments by patients in intensive care units and patient wards creates morale and motivation, provides psycho­logical support, thus accelerating the medical recovery process and positively affecting it. [18], [21]
Music, Mousiki, Archaeomusicology, Music Archaeology, Musicology, Archaeology, Ethnomusicology, Music Therapy; Medical Music; Music Medicine; Therapy with Music; Saz (Bağlama) Instrument, Nây-ı Şerîf; Instrument of Ney; Turkish Reed Flute; Nay; Energy Transfer; Thermodynamics; Mass Transfer; ELMAS’s Theory of Thermodynamics; A Scientific Approach for 5th Law of Thermodynamics; Frequency; Turkish Music Makam; The Usul in Turkish Music; Neuro-Engineering; Neuro-Science; Medical Thermodynamics; Medical Technique; Medical Engineering
NON-DARCY MHD MIXED CONVECTION OF FE₃O₄ NANOFLUID IN A VERTICAL CYLINDRICAL ANNULUS WITH VISCOUS DISSIPATION AND ARRHENIUS ACTIVATION ENERGY
This study investigates the combined effects of viscous dissipation, Darcy and Forchheimer flow and Arrhenius activation energy on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convective heat and mass transfer of Fe₃O₄ nanofluid confined within a vertical cylindrical annulus. The study considers three base fluids ethylene glycol, engine oil, and kerosene in the presence of a non-uniform internal heat source and a porous medium under non-Darcy (Forchheimer) resistance. The governing nonlinear coupled equations for momentum, energy, and nanoparticle concentration are defined using Buongiorno’s nanofluid model and solved numerically via the finite element method with quadratic interpolation functions. The results demonstrate that magnetic field strength, viscous dissipation, Forchheimer inertia, and Prandtl number suppress axial velocity and species transport, while thermal radiation, nanoparticle volume fraction, thermo-diffusion, and activation energy significantly enhance thermal and solutal fields. Joule heating raises temperature but reduces velocity and concentration. Comparative analysis shows that ethylene glycol–based Fe₃O₄ nanofluid consistently exhibits superior velocity and heat transfer performance, whereas engine oil–based nanofluid produces higher nanoparticle concentration levels. Validation of the numerical scheme is gained through close agreement of skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number with existing literature for limiting Newtonian cases. A detailed comparison between inner and outer annular walls shows that inner-wall transport is shear-dominated, while outer-wall transport is mainly convection-driven. The results provide valuable insight into the design of annular MHD thermal systems involving reactive nanofluids and porous media.
Variable viscosity, electrical conductivity, thermal radiation, ohmic dissipation, cylindrical annulus
AN EXAMINATION OF ACTIVITY MATERIALS IN SCIENCE TEXTBOOKS AND DIGITAL PLATFORMS IN THE CONTEXT OF ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY: THE CASE OF TURKIYE
This study examines the materials used in activities recommended in fifth-grade Science textbooks in Türkiye and in the instructional contents provided through the Education Information Network (EIN), a digital platform endorsed by the Ministry of National Education, from the perspective of ecological sustainability. Employing document analysis as a qualitative research method, the study focuses on the “activity station” and “performance station” sections of the textbooks, as well as instructional materials on the EIN platform designed in accordance with the newly implemented curriculum model. The analysis reveals that, in several respects, the materials recommended for classroom activities are not fully aligned with the sustainability-oriented goals emphasized in the current curriculum. These inconsistencies point to a gap between the curriculum’s value-based framework and its practical implementation. Based on the findings, the study offers sustainability-oriented recommendations aimed at improving the ecological compatibility of instructional materials used in science classrooms.
Ecological sustainability, Science education Instructional materials, Curriculum analysis, Environmental education, Education Information Network (EIN)