COMPARISON ANALYSIS OF GROUND AND SURFACE WATER SAMPLES FROM SELECTED REGION OF DISTRICT-YAMUNANAGAR (HARYANA)

Abstract

The comparative research analysis of groundwater and surface water is essential for the understanding of the quality, sustainability of water resources in agricultural and industrial areas. This study highlights thehydro-chemical characteristics of groundwater. It has also estimated the surface water conditions in selected areas of Yamunanagar district, Haryana. Groundwater samples were analyzed for important physicochemical parameters, including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), total alkalinity (TA), and chlorides, nitrates as well as heavy metals. The study found that most groundwater samples are with BIS and WHO standards. However, certain areas exhibited elevated levels of salinity, alkalinity, and hardness, primarily due to anthropogenic activities, including the application of fertilizers and pesticides, as well as geogenic factors. While direct surface water sampling data were limited, and based upon secondary analysis and regional water flow patterns (notably from the Yamuna River and Hathni Kund Barrage). All these provided contextual insights into potential surface water quality and its interactions with groundwater systems. This study also focuses on the urgentneed for integrated monitoring of both water sources. It also emphasizes the support of sustainable water management and policy planning in the Yamunanagar district.