NANO-ENABLED AGRICULTURE: SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS FOR CROP PROTECTION AND PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT

Abstract

Nanotechnology is rapidly transforming modern agriculture by enabling the development of advanced nanopesticides, nanoherbicides, and nanofertilizers that offer targeted, efficient, and sustainable solutions for crop protection and productivity enhancement. This review synthesizes recent advances in nano-enabled agricultural technologies, highlighting their capacity to improve pest and weed management, optimize nutrient delivery, and minimize environmental contamination compared to conventional agrochemicals. Key innovations include controlled-release formulations, stimulus-responsive nanocarriers, and smart nanosensors that facilitate precision farming and real-time monitoring of crop and soil health. While these technologies promise increased yields, reduced chemical inputs, and enhanced environmental safety, the review also addresses critical challenges such as potential toxicity, regulatory hurdles, and public acceptance. Emphasis is placed on the need for comprehensive risk assessment, interdisciplinary research, and stakeholder collaboration to ensure the safe and responsible integration of nanotechnology in agriculture. Ultimately, nano-enabled approaches are positioned as pivotal for advancing global food security and sustainable farming, provided that their deployment is guided by rigorous scientific evaluation and robust regulatory frameworks.