PYRAZOLE ANALOGUES: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY SCREENING

Abstract

The novel series of 1,5-disubstituted pyrazole derivatives, particularly the aryl 5-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1-(substituted phenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acids, were synthesized through a systematic and efficient synthetic route. The structural identity and purity of all compounds were confirmed using a combination of spectroscopic techniques, including IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and mass spectrometry, ensuring reliable characterization of the newly prepared molecules.

Biological screening was carried out to explore the antimicrobial potential of these derivatives. The antibacterial activity was tested against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella terrigena, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In addition, the antifungal efficacy was evaluated against clinically relevant fungal strains including Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus brasiliensis, and Candida albicans, using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods to determine their potency.

The results revealed that most of the synthesized compounds showed noteworthy antimicrobial activity, with several derivatives exhibiting strong inhibitory effects against both bacterial and fungal organisms. The presence of the trifluoromethyl group and substituted phenyl moieties appears to contribute significantly to the observed biological activity, suggesting that further structural optimization may lead to even more potent analogues. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of the synthesized Pyrazole derivatives as promising candidates for future antimicrobial drug development.