GEOTOURISM AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN KULA-SALIHLI UNESCO GLOBAL GEOPARK: A QUANTITATIVE AND THEMATIC ANALYSIS

Abstract

The aim of this research is to evaluate the institutional maturity process of the Kula-Salihli UNESCO Global Geopark by examining its quantitative indicators and thematic practices for the period 2018-2022. The research was designed using a mixed-methods approach, and data were obtained from the annual reports published by the Global Geoparks Network. Quantitative trends were analyzed through indicators such as staff, visitors, events, educational programs, and press releases, while thematic practices were examined under the themes of geoconservation, sustainability, education, strategic partnerships, and promotion. The findings indicate that the indicators remained stable during 2018-2019, declined in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and showed a notable recovery and transformation in both quantitative indicators and institutional management during 2021 and 2022. Geoconservation practices evolved from a protection-oriented approach to a proactive and visitor-centered infrastructure management model. Under the theme of sustainability, a participatory governance model was reinforced through local guide training, cooperative support, and online awareness programs. Educational activities were transferred to digital platforms, strategic partnerships diversified at both national and international levels, and promotional efforts became more effective through digitalization and enhanced media visibility. In conclusion, between 2018 and 2022, the Kula-Salihli UNESCO Global Geopark has evolved into a sustainable geotourism model that integrates the themes of geoconservation, sustainability, education, cooperation, and promotion—simultaneously advancing heritage conservation, community participation, and local development.