ASSESSMENT OF BLEPHARIS MADERASPATENSIS (L.) ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT'S ANTI-DIABETIC PROPERTIES IN A STREPTOZOTOCIN-NICOTINAMIDE-INDUCED DIABETIC RAT MODEL

Abstract

Background: Blepharis maderaspatensis is traditionally used for the management of diabetes; however, its antidiabetic potential has not been extensively validated scientifically.

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical profile and antidiabetic activity of the ethanolic extract of Blepharis maderaspatensis (EEBM) using in vitro enzyme inhibition assays and an in vivo streptozotocin–nicotinamide (STZ–NIC) induced diabetic rat model.
Methods: Phytochemical screening of EEBM was performed followed by in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated in STZ–NIC induced diabetic Wistar rats treated with EEBM (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) and metformin (100 mg/kg). Biochemical parameters, body weight, oral glucose tolerance, and histopathology of pancreatic tissue were assessed.

Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phytosterols, phenolic compounds, tannins, and carbohydrates. EEBM exhibited significant α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. In vivo, EEBM significantly reduced blood glucose levels and improved hemoglobin, liver enzymes (SGOT, SGPT), lipid profile, renal markers (urea, creatinine), and body weight compared with diabetic control rats. Histopathological studies demonstrated restoration of pancreatic architecture and increased β-cell population. The 400 mg/kg dose showed greater efficacy and was comparable to metformin.
Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Blepharis maderaspatensis possesses significant antidiabetic activity, which may be attributed to its phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potential. These findings support the traditional use of the plant and warrant further studies to elucidate its precise mechanism of action.