Evolution of the Role of Experts in Scientific Advice: A Comprehensive Examination

Abstract

This paper offers a comprehensive examination of the evolving role of experts in providing scientific advice to policymakers and society. Drawing upon insights from science and technology studies, policy analysis, and sociology of expertise, the study traces the historical development and changing dynamics of expert roles in shaping public policy and decision-making processes. It explores how the traditional model of expertise, characterized by technocratic authority and top-down knowledge dissemination, has given way to more participatory and inclusive approaches that emphasize co-production of knowledge, stakeholder engagement, and transparency. Furthermore, the research investigates the factors driving this evolution, including shifts in political landscapes, advancements in communication technologies, and increasing recognition of the need for interdisciplinary and context-sensitive expertise. By synthesizing theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence, this study aims to provide insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with the changing role of experts in scientific advice, and offers implications for fostering more effective and responsive science-policy interfaces in contemporary societies.