STUDY AND SIMULATION THE CATHODE SPOT OF A VACUUM ARC

Abstract

This work contributes to the theoretical analysis of the cathodic region of a low-current electric arc (50 A) burning in a metallic vapor environment near the cathode. The selected current range corresponds to the typical scale of a single cathodic spot, making it suitable for studying its fundamental characteristics. The overarching objective is to develop a more accurate and representative model of the physical phenomena occurring within the cathodic zone of an electric arc. The proposed model aims to predict the behavior of the arc near the cathode and estimate the magnitudes of key parameters in this region. The cathodic zone is responsible for maintaining current continuity at the electrode through several current-emitting sites, commonly known as "cathodic spots" or "arc roots." These cathodic arc roots have been a subject of research for several decades, with most investigations focusing on their behavior in vacuum conditions. This choice minimizes disturbances from the arc column, enabling more precise experimental measurements. However, it is important to note that, to date, little research has addressed the applicability of cathodic spot models developed in vacuum environments to gaseous arcs. This study aims to bridge that gap by extending the theoretical understanding of cathodic spots to arcs operating in gaseous atmospheres.