FROM GYM CULTURE TO SOCIAL MEDIA: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY REVIEW ON ADOLESCENT STEROID MISUSE

Abstract

The non-medical consumption of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) among adolescents and young adults has become an escalating global health issue. Motivations such as achieving a muscular physique, enhancing athletic performance, and conforming to social media–driven body ideals have contributed to the rise in misuse. Easy online availability and peer influence further amplify the problem. In younger individuals, the use of AAS poses heightened risks because their bodies are still undergoing critical developmental changes. Consequences range from hormonal and reproductive disturbances to cardiovascular, hepatic, and psychological complications. This review consolidates contemporary data on the prevalence and patterns of AAS use, explores the socio-cultural and psychological factors fueling this behavior, and outlines the pharmacological mechanisms involved. It also examines clinical outcomes, potential long-term effects, and evidence-based prevention and intervention approaches. The discussion highlights the necessity of coordinated action among healthcare providers, educators, families, and policymakers to mitigate the harmful impact of AAS misuse in youth.