PRODUCTION AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF CITRUS-PEEL BASED BIOENZYME VIA ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION

Abstract

Citrus peel bioenzymes were produced via a simple fermentation-based workflow and evaluated for microbial composition, phytochemical content, enzymatic activity, and surface cleaning efficiency. Microbial analysis revealed general heterotrophic bacteria and yeast, with negligible halotolerant or coliform organisms. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, and sugars, while saponins, alkaloids, and quinones were absent. Enzyme assays demonstrated active amylase, protease, and lipase, capable of degrading starch, protein, and fats. Functional testing on rubber, metal, and kitchen surfaces showed effective removal of oil, grease, and dirt, outperforming simple wiping or water treatment. These findings highlight citrus peel bioenzymes as eco-friendly, multifunctional cleaning agents with potential applications in household and industrial processes, offering a sustainable approach to waste valorization and green biotechnology.