Unraveling the Origins and Dynamics of R&D Consortia in Technology Catch-up Regions: A Comparative Study of Taiwan and the Chinese Mainland

Abstract

This paper examines the origins and dynamics of Research and Development (R&D) consortia in regions undergoing technology catch-up, with a focus on Taiwan and the Chinese Mainland. Through a comparative analysis grounded in innovation systems theory and catch-up development literature, the study investigates the institutional, economic, and socio-cultural factors shaping the formation and evolution of R&D consortia in these contexts. By leveraging insights from historical analysis, policy evaluation, and case studies, the research elucidates the roles of government policies, industry structure, knowledge networks, and collaborative mechanisms in fostering R&D consortia as vehicles for technological advancement and innovation capacity-building. Moreover, the study explores the distinctive characteristics and challenges facing R&D consortia in each region, including issues related to intellectual property rights, technology transfer, collaborative governance, and internationalization strategies. Drawing upon empirical evidence and theoretical frameworks, this comparative analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of R&D consortia in technology catch-up regions, offering valuable insights for policymakers, industry practitioners, and researchers seeking to promote collaborative innovation and sustainable development in emerging economies.